Persecution in the Church Essay Example for Free

Persecution in the Church Essay In the book of Matthew 28: 16-20 Jesus Christ give us what is known as the â€Å"Great Commission† in this passage of scripture Jesus says I have been given all authority in heaven and on earth! Go to the people of all nations and make them my disciples. Baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and teach them to do everything I have told you. I will be with you always, even until the end of the world. † 1 In the centuries following the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ the church did just that. However not without resistance from local governments, Christianity was considered a rouge movement that defied the governmental establishments of the time. While Christians were simply seeking to live their life in worship to the living God, the government especially in the Roman Empire saw them as outliers and a threat to the roman way of life. While other religions were generally accepted by the roman government, Christianity was different. Romans were religious people, they had their pantheon of gods, but they did not see Christianity as a religion, they saw it as â€Å"superstitio† or a superstition. In fact Pliny a Roman governor circa 110 AD called Christianity â€Å"superstition taken to extravagant lengths. 2 Roman distrust for this new religion continued to swell with each century. Some emperors were tolerant and some were intolerant to the point of killing Christian non-conformist. Despite growing and widespread persecutions, imprisonments, and Martyrdoms 2. Robert L. Wilkin, The Piety of the Persecutors. Christian History, Issue 27 (Vol. XI, No. 3), p. 18 Church of Jesus Christ grew. Through the bravery, tenacity, and audacity of early Christian men and women we today have a surviving legacy of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. When it would have been easier to succumb to the Roman government and its edicts and religious institutions, God gave his people the willingness and power to stand up for what they knew was the truth. The Roman Government thought they could intimidate Christians to silence but they were wrong. Persecution of the church started almost at the beginning and continued sporadically through the next three hundred and fifty years. During this period Christians endures minor persecutions to the more extreme measures of persecution. At times the persecutions were local and at times they were empire wide. There was generally what is considered tem great periods of persecution. History of Persecutions The Persecution under Emperor Nero in Circa 64-68AD The Persecution under Emperor Nero was the beginning of what is considered the ten periods of persecution. it was under Nero’s rule that the Apostle Paul was martyred. At his second trial before Nero he knew that he would not be acquitted of the offences against him, the Roman government saw him as a threat and wanted him dead. His exact manner of death is unknown however it is generally accepted that he was beheaded.3 Nero is also responsible for the _________________________ 3. Albert Barnes, Scenes and Incidents in the Life of the Apostle Paul: Viewed as Illustrating the Nature and Influence of the Christian Religion (Ulan Press, 2012), 1. Martyrdom of the apostle Peter. Peter was by all accounts crucified, but he was said that he felt himself to be unworthy to be put to death in the same manner as his Master, and was therefore, at his  own request, crucified with his head downward.4 this was only the Beginning of the persecutions, many more followed Persecution under Domitian (r. 81-96). The Emperor Domitian was a cruel man, not only to Christians he murdered his own brother, and killed high ranking governmental officials so that he could confiscate their land and estates. He successfully raised the second persecution of Christians by demanding that anyone who came from the lineage of David be killed. Fabricated stories were made up about Christian during this time in order to scare the roman public. For example people were told that just about any natural disaster was the fault of the Christians. Christians were brought before the magistrates and ordered to take a test oath, if the person failed to take the oath they were sentenced to death, if they claimed faith in Jesus the same sentence was pronounced. The Roman government passed a law, That no Christian, once brought before the tribunal, should be exempted from punishment without renouncing his religion.5 â€Å"The notable martyrs during this persecution were St. John, who was boiled in oil, and afterward banis hed to Patmos. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, who was crucified; and Flavia, the daughter of a Roman senator, was also banished to Pontus6 _________________________ 4. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11. 5. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11. 6. ibid Persecution under Trajan (112-117) During the third Persecution, the persecution of Trajan from 122-117 AD Christianity was officially outlawed, however the government of Rome did not seek out Christians to imprison or kill them at this time. If a Christian was imprisoned for some reason during this persecution they would have however been killed in particularly gruesome ways. For example many Christians were crucified on Mt. Ararat, the officials would use crowns of thorns as well as pierce the sides of Christians in mockery mimicking what was done to Jesus himself. Ignatius was probably the most noted martyr during this period. Appointed the Bishop of Antioch after Peter, because he confessed Christ he was handed over to the wild beast as tradition holds. He wrote to the church in Rome saying; Now I begin to be a disciple. I care for nothing, of visible or invisible things, so that I may but win Christ. Let fire and the cross, let the companies of wild beasts, let breaking of bones and tearing of limbs, let the grinding of the whole body, and all the malice of the devil, come upon me; be it so, only may I win Christ Jesus! I am the wheat of Christ: I am going to be ground with the teeth of wild beasts, that I may be found pure bread. 7 Finally during this time Quadratus, bishop of Athens, made an apology to the emperor on behalf of Christians. This apology coupled with an epistle written by a philosopher in the city, relaxed the emperors views toward Christians to relent8 _________________________ 7. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 8. ibid Persecution under Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180) During the persecution under Marchs Aureluis, The torture Christians received during this period, was so grievous that even spectators to the torture would shudder at the extent of it. Christians were severely tortured during this period. They were often scourged to the point that their muscles and veins were visible; they were made to walk over nails, sharp shells, and thorns with feet that were already badly injured. The fate of their lives weren’t much better, if they did not succumb to the torture they were made to endure, they were beheaded, pressed together with weights, or burnt at the steak. The notable Martyrs of this period are Polycarp, who after being captured by  Roman guards was permitted an hour to pray. After the hour was done the guards who had watched him pray so fervently, actually repented that they had been instrumental in his capture. He was then dragged before proconsul and urged Swear and I will release thee;reproach Christ. 9 Upon his refusal he was burned in the market place. Justin was another notable martyr during this period. Justin was a notable scholar, philosopher, and teacher. After finishing The Second Apology Justin the emperor was angry and as a result Justin and six of his companions were imprisoned and forced to make sacrifices to pagan gods, when they refused the were scourged and the beheaded. 9. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 10. ibid Persecution under Septimus Severus A.D. 192 The emperor Severus, was not especially violent toward Christians. One had saved his life from a sever sickness. However ignorance in the people coupled with outdated laws put in place to execute Christians is what drove the persecution during this period. Pleasure on the Emperor by The masses, made Severus make a new edict that any new believer to Jesus Christ should be executed. Many Christians were inevitably killed under Severus because of this edict Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons was one of the notable martyrs of this period. His zeal for the things of God made the Emperor take notice of him, after a considerable amount of resentment grew Irenaeus was tortured and beheaded.11 Perpetua and Felicitas were two other notable figures in this period. Bothe women were married Perpetua was nursing and infant son and Felicitas was pregnant at the time of her capture and later gave birth in prison. On the day appointed for their execution, they were led to the amphitheater. Felicitas and Perpe tua were stripped, in order to be thrown to a mad bull, the bull attacked Perpetua first and then darted at Felicitas, and gored her. Both women survived being attacked by the bull, but were later executed by sword. The audience watching the torture and execution was said to have been sickened by the sight of Felisitas’ lactating breast from  her recent birth. 11. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 12. Alexander Roberts et al., 10 Early Christian Saints: Polycarp, Perpetua and Felicitas, Cyprian, Eusebius, Antony, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Patrick, Benedict (publication place: Error, 2012), 1. The Sixth Persecution, Under Maximus, A.D. 235, mn During the sixth persecution under the Emperor Maximus the president Seremianus was on a mission to kill as many Christians as he could. Many Christians were sentenced to death without ever even receiving a trial, Christians were killed in mass killings and dumped into mass graves not unlike the genocide bestowed upon the Jews, during Hitler’s reign of terror in the early part of the 1900’s. Christians were denied any or the respect or decency that so called â€Å"loyal Roman citizens† would expect in their death and burial. Many Christians were killed or tortured during this period; most notable are Pontianus, bishop of Rome, Anteros, his successor, who gave offence to the government by collecting the acts of the martyrs. As well as Hippolitus, a Christian prelate (high ranking member of the clergy) 13, who was cruelly tied to a wild horse, and dragged until he died. Persecution under Decius (250-251) After a time of relative peace and an emperor that was deemed a Christian, the emperor Decius had a decidedly vigorous hate for Christians. Decius goal was to erase even the name â€Å"Christian† at any cost. His decrees to kill Christians emboldened the heathens who were happy 13. Merriam-Webster, The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster Mass Market, 2004), 1. 14. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 to honor the decrees by killing any Christian they could find. The More Christian deaths attributed to one heathen the higher that heathen’s merit would be. Fabian, the bishop of Rome, was the first person of prominence to fall victim to this murderous rampage. The previous emperor, Phillip thought highly of Fabian and made the bishop his treasurer; however Decius did not think so highly of Fabian. On January 20, A.D. 250, he was beheaded Peter, a young, strong man, was stretched upon a wheel, by which all his bones were broken was beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to Venus. He was quoted as saying I am astonished you should sacrifice to an infamous woman, whose debaucheries even your own historian’s record, and whose life consisted of such actions as your laws would punish. No, I shall offer the true God the acceptable sacrifice of praises and prayers. 15 An innumerable amount of Christians were killed during this time. Christians are actively sought out by requiring public sacrifice. If they refused they would be killed or they could buy certificates (libelli) instead of sacrificing. The latter was against the rules of the church and carried a severe punishment16 Persecution under Valerian (257-59) Valerian took his position in A.D. 257 and maintained his position for three and a half years. During his reign there is no number that can be put on how many Christians were martyred during this time. A couple of the martyrs that were named were bishops with in Rome. There was Stephen who was beheaded and then there was a Toulouse who refused to sacrifice. 15. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 16. Ferguson, Everett. Church History. 2 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2005-2013. Pp 161-162 Idols, which had his feet tied to the tail of a bull that ran down stairs causes his head to be smashed. Sextus who succeeded Stephen was very  courageous during his time a bishop. It was during his time that the government released an order to put to death all Christian clergy in Rome, Stephen as well as his deacons where martyred. With no regard of age, sex, or title Valerian continued to martyr Christian until he was captured and brought into slavery by the emperor of Persia. After being a slave for seven years, Valerian had his eyes removed and was flayed alive by the emperor, which is what caused Valerian to die. In A.D. 260, Gallienus, who was Valerian, succeeded his father and actually during his time, enjoyed peace with the church17 Persecution under Aurelian (r. 270–275) In A.D 274 Aurelian was in emperor of Rome and had been mainly responsible for the martyrs of two known Christians. The first being a bishop named Felix, who was an advanced prelate to the Roman see. He was later martyred by being sentenced to death by being beheaded. The other known martyr was a gentleman named Agapetus, who sold everything and gave it all to the poor. He was arrested for being a Christian, tortured and then beheaded for this deed. Although Aurelian is not tied together with many martyrs, we planted the seed that was later picked up by a leader named Diocletian. 17. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 Severe persecution under Diocletian and Galerius (303-324) In A.D 303 were succumbed to a new leader that had a vision of removing all Christians and everything related to the faith. A Roman leader named Galerius was persuaded by his adopted son Diocletian to start the  persecution of Christians. The persecution that was set forth towards became so bad that the time frame of these leaders became known as the Era of the Martyrs. This Era began on February 23, A.D 303 by churches being forced open and all books were removed and set to flames. Not being satisfied by the burning of the books Diocletian and Galerius had all churches levelled to the ground and all Christians render as outlaws. Many Christians were seized, severely tortured, and then burned alive. Enable to increase the persecution of Christians Galerius ordered the imperial palace to be set on fire and charge Christians with the crime. This lead to Christian homes being set on fire while families were in them and perishing in the fire. Some families were tied together with rocks around their necks and thrown into the sea. This kind of tortured last ten years and got to the level were new inventions were created on how to conduct torture as well as an entire city named Phrygia, was burnt to the ground with all the Christians from the town dying in the flames. At one point many of the governors came to the imperial court submitting how they were ti red with the slaughtering of the people. From that point on, since they could not be put to death, Christians had their ears, eyes, noses, or limbs removed to make life as hard as possible. During this time there was a Christian officer of the emperor’s guard at Rome named Sebastian. Not willing to give in to the pagan believe that was being taught to him as a guard, Sebastian was shot to death with arrows. Once the execution was completed, other Christians were allowed to recover his body for burial. It was during this time, that they found life in his body and proceeded to help him recover. Sebastian decided to confront Diocletian, who was overcome with surprise to see him alive, and reprehended him for various cruelties and prejudices against Christian. Sebastian was sentenced to death by beating and was thrown into the sewers where his body was later recovered and buried by Christians. The Christian Response One would expect for Christianity to have died out after so many centuries of  an all-out demonic attack against the people of God. That’s not what happened though. Despite all torture, discrimination. And mass killings. Christianity grew tremendously. In the face of immense persecution, many Christians decided that it was worth it to die before they would deny their Lord and Savior. Justin Martyr was quoted as saying Though beheaded, and crucified, and thrown to wild beasts, and chains, and fire, and all other kinds of torture, we do not give up our confession; but, the more such things happen, the more do others in larger numbers become faithful.20 The killing of Christians was meant to dissuade other citizens from becoming Christians and to persuade Christians to turn their back on God. Martyrdom was meant to be a dishonor; instead it became the highest honor for a Christian. Many onlookers marveled at the fact that Christians could be put through so much and still be str ong in their faith. 19. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 20. Justin Martyr, Michael Slusser, and Justin, Dialogue with Trypho (Selections from the Fathers of the Church), Revised ed. (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ of Amer Pr, 2003), 1. The very thing that was supposed to deter Roman citizens from Christianity was in actuality driving them toward it. Another Christian response to persecution was to write an apology, not an apology in the sense of the way we use the term today, but as a defense of Christianity. The Apologist as they are known wrote apology’s to defend Christians and their faith, against pagan actions and misconceptions. These apologies were mainly aimed at emperors to dispute the erroneous claims that pagans held about Christians, and to promote Christians as Good citizens of the Roman Government that held differing religious beliefs. Christians were not cannibalistic, law breaking, people who involved in orgies and this is what the apologies tried to convey, in hopes that the persecution of the time would subside. Conclusion From the beginning of the Christian faith there was always demonic opposition to the growth of Christianity. Satan used people as his pawns from the moment of the birth of Jesus to exterminate Gods plan for the world. After the death and resurrection of our Savior this demonic influence was kicked into overdrive. Roman Emperor after Roman Emperor tried to eradicate Christianity, but because of the strength and faith of many early Christians this did not happen. Today we can thank the early church fathers for laying the foundation and planting the seeds of the Church that we have today and especially in America take for granted. This does not mean that the devils all-out assault on the Christian church is over; it is still under attack even today. Still in many party of the world Christians are tortured and die every day because they refuse to deny the truth. The struggle of the early church seems to be so far away for some of us who live comfortably and have the freedom to worship ho w we want. In reality as a people we are not that far removed from it. Every Christian person should be aware of the price that was paid for the Christianity there is today. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Wilken, Robert L. The Christians as the Romans Saw Them. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003. 2. Barnes, Albert. Scenes and Incidents in the Life of the Apostle Paul: Viewed as Illustrating the Nature and Influence of the Christian Religion. Publication place: Ulan Press, 2012. 3. Forbush, William Byron, ed. Foxs Book of Martyrs: a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978. 4. Roberts, Alexander, James Donaldson, St. Athanasius, Philip Schaff, St Patrick, and Tertullian. 10 Early Christian Saints: Polycarp, Perpetua and Felicitas, Cyprian, Eusebius, Antony, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Patrick, Benedict. publication place: Error, 2012. 5. Merriam-Webster. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster Mass Market, 2004. 6. Ferguson, Everett. Church History. 2 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2005-2013. 7. Martyr, Justin, Michael Slusser, and Justin. Dialogue with Trypho (Selections from the Fathers of the Church). Revised ed. Washington, DC: Catholic Univ of Amer Pr, 2003.

Why Physical Education is Important Essay -- Teaching Teachers Learnin

Why Physical Education is Important Education can be defined as the systematic development of the mind, capabilities, and/or character through instruction or study. This is also the purpose of education. This purpose is met through the curriculum taught, how the curriculum is taught, and the nature of the curriculum taught. Physical education is just one aspect that should be taught to students. The purpose of education is for a student to develop character, mental abilities, and physical abilities. This is why school and education are so important, because without these skills one cannot live up to his/her full potential or even function in society. My purpose as a teacher is to give students opportunities to succeed and not to give grades. My purposes are to make students aware of their capabilities and by discovering these capabilities develop a sense of self. The students do this by pushing themselves or trying to their fullest extent. By trying his/her hardest they will know their limitations. These areas are the purpose of education. Physical education is an important area in schools today. If taught correctly, it can develop physical and mental skills as well as develop a sense of self. By participating in physical activity, a student’s skill will naturally increase to the demands placed upon it. If a student never tries then their skill will never grow. The mental skills one develops in a physical education class are proble...

Nature or Nurture for children’s language development Essay

To answer the question about if a child develops language through biological preprogramming or through environmental stimulation. Many linguists and scholars debate from the nature-inspired and nurture-inspired perspectives. Both nature and environmental factors interact to help children develop language. It is reasonable that every child has a genetic basis to develop language abilities. However, the environmental stimulation, or nurture-inspired perspective will play a more important role than the nature approach does, given a special case of Genie and the experience factor in language acquisition. The best example of why nature alone cannot develop language in a child is the special case of Genie shown in the video â€Å"Secret of the Wild Child†. Genie was completely isolated when she was a child, so no one interacted with her or taught her to speak. She did not have a way to learn how to speak on her own either. When she was finally removed from isolation, she missed the critical learning period and had trouble communicating like an adult. Even though she did not learn to speak properly, she could still express some ideas after the scientists nurtured her. If she had been around with her family and friends from the beginning of her life, she may have communicated better at an earlier age. According to the article â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture Debate in Language Acquisition†1, written by Professor Shanawaz, the adults usually speak to children in a structured and repetitive way. The children imitate the language and their languages formulate a same cultural belief an d value system. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory also states that the built-in biases from those â€Å"experience† and â€Å"culture† factors lead to constraints in those children’s language development process. Read more:  Influences that affect children’s development essay

Comparison of Gulliver’s Travels and Haroun and the Sea of...

Haroun and the Sea of Stories is an allegory of the problem’s posed in the societies of the author’s days. It is similar to Gulliver’s Travels as both are allegories of our world, and both main characters are in similar situations; both find themselves in a new land, and are confronted with many unfamiliar problems. â€Å"Gulliver’s travels† is a story based upon England at the time when Jonathan swift lived. This was in the 17th century. Also, there are definite correlations between particular characters in the Lilliput community with political figures in the British political system. The novel is a big twist of allegorical themes and similarities to the real world and so it is called a political satire. Allegory means a representation of some†¦show more content†¦Another good similarity between the two books is that they both have strong use of representation. As a fact, Salman Rushdie based his whole novel on things that happened to him and experience from his past life. He really made this story as a way to explain to his son what was happening. â€Å"Gulliver’s travels† is a very famous political satire written by Jonathan Swift. It shows the allegorical theme of the eighteenth century when the politics of England was ruled by the royal court of George I. Jonathan Swift wrote this novel to criticize the courts of England. He satirizes the conditions of the politics and writes this all in allegory in this book. He writes how the court worked and what they were like by putting those acts and personalities into his characters of the high court at Lilliput. A big part of the story all the satires. In many places in the story, things represent other real life things in the book. There is political satire, social satire, religious subjects and sciences. The key terms and themes of pattern in â€Å"Gulliver’s travels† are how he becomes big then small, the countries become complex then simple and how Gulliver goes through scenes that get worse and worse. Haroun and the sea of stories alludes to this with Haroun facing worse and worse events until it reaches the resolution. Another key pattern is how both authors wrote this book to explain and to show something that happened in their lives. Jonathan Swift

A Research Into Decision Making For Alzheimer s Disease...

Intelligence refers to the ability to obtain information and apply skills and consists of different functions, memory, reasoning, logic; these are all controlled by different areas of the brain. Alzheimer’s Disease inhibits short term memory first, before it continually moves throughout the brain, eventually affecting part of the brain that controls involuntary functions. With this in mind someone with MCI would not be able to make clear judgments and recall memory stored in long term memory. The deterioration of short term and working memory will inhibit a person’s ability to learn new information and therefore use that information to form new ideas and judgments. Judgement is the ability to examine a situation and procced with a safe and reasonable analysis. As judgement becomes impaired, risk taking is increased. Alzheimer’s suffers will find it progressively harder to plan or make decisions. There is very little research into decision making in Alzheimer’s Disease, however Delazer et al. (2007) suggested that healthy controls in decision making with clear and constant rules are virtually absent in patients with AD. Variance between AD affected participants and healthy participants arose from a detailed analysis of participant’s performance. AD patients would change between safe and risky compared to that of the healthy controls. They showed no propensity towards safe and beneficial responses. This suggests that decision was random and no logical thought was processedShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease, Or Senile Dementia1715 Words   |  7 Pages Alzheimer s disease, or senile dementia, is a form of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Brain cells and their connections are killed, and this is what causes people s brain functions to fail. Scientist have yet to know what causes Alzheimer s, but have discovered that age, family history, and genes contribute to developing the disease. Symptoms experienced by people with Alzheimer s are poor judgement, poor decision making, inability to manage a budget, losing track of theRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagesone thing Alzheimer s cannot take away, and that is love. Love is not a memory - it s a feeling that resides in your heart and soul.† (Fade to Blank). The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that processes, stores, and recalls information. â€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, l anguage, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease resultsRead MoreNew Research On Alzheimer s Disease1405 Words   |  6 Pages New Research in Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. To date, it is officially ranked as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States; however, recent estimates indicate that the disorder may actually rank third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people. Alzheimer’s, also known as senile dementiaRead MoreDiagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease1297 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a form of dementia generally known for afflicting memory loss. An estimated 5 million Americans suffer from this disease (NIH, 2014). It is not a normal part of aging. Alzheimer’s is common among the elderly, yet surprisingly, two-thirds of the people affected are women. While two thirds affected are women, they are also more likely to be from an African-American or Hispanic descent. Alzheimer s disease is present in 60 to 80 percent of dementia patients (Mayo ClinicRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 Pagesengulfed by a mysterious disease. The neurons being cut off and destroyed by two abnormal structures. First memory is affected gradually getting worse. Then one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possible symptoms of a common disease that affects aboutRead MorePatient Advocacy : A Patient Advocate1399 Words   |  6 Pageseducating the patient and family, affecting public policies, and joining associations. Professional patient advocates heave often worked as social workers, case managers, nurses, or other professions that now focus on helping patient in their decisions making. Patient advocates works in partne rship with patient educators, dietitians, psychologists, pharmacist, and community health workers. The person I interviewed is Raegan. Raegan is a patient advocate in a nursing home. Raegan received her Bachelor’sRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Disease1663 Words   |  7 Pages Alzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. At first, someone with Alzheimer s disease may notice mild confusion and difficulty remembering. Eventually, people with the disease may even forget important people in their lives and undergo dramatic personality changes. Alzheimer s disease is the most common cause of dementia — a group of brain disorders that cause the loss of intellectual and social skills. In Alzheimer s disease, theRead More Factors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alzheimers Disease Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer Disease 1 Alzheimer Disease Introduction This research paper will examine factors, signs of symptoms, treatment, when to visit a doctor and how to care for a love one with Alzheimer disease. In the early stages of the disease, scientists have estimated that 500,000 people in their 30’s, 40’s and 50’s that have Alzheimer disease or a related dementiaRead MoreThe Reason I Chose Alzheimer s Disease1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe reason I chose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as my Case Study is because it is very personal to me. My Mother-in-law, Marcia, was diagnosed with beginning stages of AD 5 years ago. We believe she went undiagnosed for a couple years before that. AD is a family disease that has a huge impact on an entire family. A year ago we moved in with my in-laws to help care for not only Marcia, but my father-in-law, Larry. Larry was Marcia’s sole caregiver and we noticed over the last couple of years takingRead MoreWhat Makes A Baby Boomer?911 Words   |  4 Pagesmany different diseases and many different horrible conditions if the mind is not active on a regular basis. One of the most common diseases you can get are dementia and alzheimer s, which are specifically becoming more common with Alzheimer s. If your brain is not active, tau proteins can tangle and this causes the death of brain cells. This is one of the reasons why Alzheimer s is caused. But, Alzheimer s has multiple symptoms which in fact makes it a really bad disease to have. One of

Essay about Genetics In Life - 1450 Words

Genetics In Life Genetics is the study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits (Poretto). This knowledge could be used to alter the course of a future human life. This knowledge could even be used to stop a potentially painful life before it starts. Genetic engineering, like any other science, is a tool. Like any other tool Genetic Engineering is neither inherently positive nor inherently negative. Genetic engineering’s benefits outweigh the potential negatives, and in spite of some people fearing that it is immoral; genetics needs to be continually developed. The first step in eliminating superstition about a topic is to understand that topic. The origins of genetic history lay in the ancient techniques of selective breeding†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today genetic testing helps forewarn of potential medical problems. However, the ramifications are not clear. The guidelines and knowledge about genetic’s effect on disease is ever-rapidly increasing. Medical geneticists recommend that an informed decision be made before deciding whether or not to get tested. The decision should be based on possible risk, ideally with the assistance of a genetic counselor (Leslie). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Even more controversial is the use of genetics before a person is born. An unborn child can be tested for hundreds of genetic diseases. Some would argue that this is unfair to the unborn child; that it might lead to an immoral termination of the pregnancy. However, testing might allow for early treatment, or even allow the parents to prepare for a potential difficult childhood. In some cases it might me better for the fetus to be terminated. The key is that the decision is for the parents. Science and religion should not be used to create law removing parents right to choose. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another controverisal use is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). This allows for screening of genetic traits before artificial insemination. Michael Feinman described it best in his article, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). Many ethical questions surround PGD. Some people see the beginning of eugenicsShow MoreRelatedHow Is Genetics Play Our Life?1496 Words   |  6 Pagesschool about the role genetics plays in our lives. However I believe it is presented to us in a way that is designed to only give us a small sliver of the puzzle at least in part due to the emphasis now placed on Mathematics and the Sciences in an attempt to keep the United States on pace with other countries like China whose students excel in this area. As a result we lose the cultural aspect of our upbringing because it isn’t taught to us until you learn about yourself later in life. For example elementaryRead MoreGenetic, Life Cycle, And Association With Humans1245 Words   |  5 PagesCampbell, 2011, pp. 593-599). I have chosen to learn more about malaria by examining its origin, life cycle, and association with humans. Malaria comes from the clade apicomplexans, which are derived from the superclade of alevolates in the S.A.R. Specifically, the source of malaria lives in a parasite called plasmodium. Plasmodium can infect two hosts with malaria: mosquitoes and humans. The life cycle of the parasite extends through both of these hosts. First, a mosquito hosting the parasiteRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Life Threatening Genetic Disorder1150 Words   |  5 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis or CF is a life threatening genetic disorder that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system. Cystic Fibrosis is most common among the Caucasian population, particularly people of northwestern European descent and is less common in people of African ancestry and is very rare in people of Asian ancestry. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, â€Å"an estimated 30,000 children and adults in the United States (70,000 worldwide) have CF† (Cystic Fibrosis FoundationRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : Is A Life Threatening Genetic Disease?1504 Words   |  7 PagesCystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening genetic disease, explicitly an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. An estimated 30,000 children and adults in the United States have CF (Song, Chiu, Yoon, 2012). According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, â€Å"In the 1950s, few children with CF lived to attend elementary school†(Cystic Fibrosi s Foundation, 2014, p. 1). It is important to recognize the progress that has been made on diagnosingRead MoreEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing3950 Words   |  16 PagesEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing Lauren Delucca Linda Field Despain Cynthia Ventura-Lippert Submitted to Dr. Mark Jumper in partial fulfillment of HCE430, Health Care Ethics Regis University October 13, 2012 Prenatal Genetic Testing Prenatal testing and genetic testing developed hand in hand. Many genes, the basic unit of heredity, are now known through the human genome project (Pence, 2011, pp. 273-274). Genetic testing can identify the existenceRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Rare Life Threatening Genetic Disorder1455 Words   |  6 Pagesfibrosis also known as CF is a rare life threatening genetic disorder. CF causes individuals with this disorder to have persistent lung infections, in turn limiting their breathing. Individuals with cystic fibrosis, have a mutated gene that causes a thick, build-up of mucus in the lungs. Generally, it affects many of the body’s organ systems and is only found in about 200,000 people per year in the United States. Cystic fibrosis is the most widely recognized, life-shortening hereditary sickness inRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfereRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering Explain how this technology works. Genetic engineering otherwise called genetic modification and can basically be described as the ‘direct manipulation of an organism’s genome’ which is the complete set of genetic material of an animal, plant or other living thing. This direct manipulation works by using modern DNA technology. This ‘involves the introduction of foreign DNA also known as synthetic genes into the organism of interest’ or curiousity. Genetic engineering does notRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1584 Words   |  7 Pagesabort a life or keep it. There are many ethical issues surrounding the topic. When does the fetus become a person? Is it when they grow arms and legs? Is it when there is a heartbeat? Is there an exact point, where ethically, having an abortion is wrong? There are many reasons people opt to have an abortion. Perhaps the child is bared through non consensual sex or from the failure of birth control. It is considered acceptable under those circumstances to end a life mostly because it’s a life thatRead MoreEthics And The New Genetics1048 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper Dear Mr. Dalai Lama, In your excerpt, â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics,† you presented the discovery of the advancement in genetic technology. You mentioned how scientist are able to change the genetic makeup of living things. Another key point presented in your article is the idea of cloning, where one is therapeutic while the other is reproductive. The article discussed that the advancement in technology and genetics should only be used to benefit people. However, you believed that using

Brokedown Palace Law Essay free essay sample

Justice is the concept of moral rightness based upon ethics, law, religion, rationality, and fairness. But justice is not the same in every country. What some countries may consider to be just may be considered unjust and ever immoral by others. This is demonstrated in the 1999 film â€Å"Brokedown Palace†. In the movie, two lifelong friends take a trip to Thailand to celebrate their high school graduation. Long story short, they are accused of smuggling drugs and are sentenced to 33-years in a Taiwanese prison. What seemed just by the Taiwanese government would be considered unjust by the Canadian government. The reason for this is because they did not follow the four purposes of justice; justice as an instrument of society, substantive justice, procedural justice, and justice as a social norm. This outline what each of these purposes entitles and why the Taiwanese government failed to follow these when prosecuting the girls. After watching the movie Brokedown Palace, you might assume that because of the way the girls were treated throughout the trial and by how unjust the laws imposed on the girls were that this shows how unjust the Taiwanese government truly is. But this is because what the Taiwanese government may see to be just may seem unjust to other nations around the world and vise-versa. According to as an instrument of society, the extent to which we recognize a nation’s laws as being just is the degree to which we identify that nation as being just. This was demonstrated throughout the movie. There were several examples of laws that in the eyes of the Taiwanese government seemed just, but in the eyes of Canadians were far from it. An example of this was the sentence that was given to the girls when they were found guilty of drug smuggling. A 33-sentence is a very out-dated and cruel punishment for any drug smuggler in the eyes of Canadians, any given the past history of these girls would seem barbaric. In Canada, the usual sentence for someone found guilty of drug smuggling is 10 years, and even this is usually reduced to 6-8 years. You might also think that the very laws imposed onto the girls are unjust. According to substantive law, some laws may be inconsistent with a superior standard and although they might appear to be legal, they may not be just. In Canada, if a law is found to be unjust based upon the superior standard,  that law will be changed or dismantled. The Taiwanese clearly have not based their laws on the superior standard. An example of this is when they allowed Alice to serve both sentences. While this may seem just, is it really appropriate for one person to serve someone else’s sentence. Other nations including Canada would never allow something like this to happen. Another example of the Taiwanese government not understanding the purpose of justice in the movie Brokedown Palace was their procedural justice. According to Procedural justice, a country must use proper administration of the formal rules when exercising the law. In Canada as well as in many other countries, there are a wide range of procedures which must be followed when arresting and prosecuting someone. The Taiwanese government showed none of these when arresting the girls. When the girls were first arrested, they were not told what they were being arrested for and they were not told any of their rights, such as the right to an attorney or a phone call. Procedural justice also states that judges cannot not disregard the rules of law. An example of this is the judge who prosecuted the girls. He didn’t not take into account the girls past and even the severity of the crime. He just prosecuted the girls based on the testimony of the hotel worker who had said that they had trie d to charge their drinks onto someone else. When prosecuting the girls, the Taiwanese government also failed to follow one of the most important purposes of justice. Justice as a social norm states that justice is based upon the beliefs that and attitudes shared and accepted as the norm. In Canada, we have multiple politicians from different parts of Canada with different backgrounds. This makes is so when we make laws, we get the social from our entire country to back-up the laws that we make. But we also follow the standards set forth by other countries we view as being civilized. The Taiwanese government did not follow this social norm when arresting these girls. Other nations would have considered the age of these girls as well as their past criminal offences when prosecuting them. This would have made their sentences much shorter and might have even aloud the girls to get off scot-free. They also tricked the girls into signing a faulty confession by telling Darlene what she was signing was a plea of innocence when really it was a confession to the crime. In conclusion, the Taiwanese seemed to be very unjust based on how they made their laws and how they were implemented. The reason for this is because they didn’t follow the purpose of Justice. Brokendown Palace portrayed the Taiwanese government as using an outdated and uncivilized form of justice which to the civilized world would appear as being unjust. The purpose of justice is not just to enforce laws for the sack of cleaning the streets but is to make a society civilized. As shown in the four purposes of justice, societies strive to reach a more civilized and fair form of justice. Because after all justice is the concept of moral rightness based upon ethics, law, religion, rationality, and fairness.